Resonances.......fritz mueller
Resonances | ||
Copyright © 2012 Fritz Mueller |
Resonances and Chladni PatternsGuitars, like other musical instruments, display several distinct resonances that are important determinants in the sound of the instrument. These resonances occur at a range of frequencies and, interestingly, have unique shapes that usually appear in a predictable pattern as one progresses from low to high frequency (or low to high notes, to use musical terminology). The behavior of the resonances is complex and is not especially well understood by physicists, particularly in regard to the question of what makes a great guitar. Nevertheless, I have found resonances to be a very useful tool for improving and giving consistency to my instruments. Dealing with wolf notes, dead notes, and issues such as balance, power, and timbre, plus many others, are all made much easier with a knowledge of resonances. For centuries luthiers have tapped wood with their knuckles to learn the pitch (or frequency) of the resonances involved, and that method, involving hands and ears and musical judgment, is unlikely to ever be replaced. However, it is also very helpful if the builder can see the shape of a resonance as well as hear it, and for that other methods are available. Physicists use holography and other sophisticated techniques to see the resonances, but in the working guitar shop, a simple and very effective method is the creation of resonance patterns using a sound generator, a speaker, and tea leaves. These resonance patterns or modes are often called Chladni patterns, named for the German physicist, Ernst Chladni, who first developed the technique in the nineteenth century. |
Here is the equipment I use in my shop to create Chladni patterns. Only the tea leaves are missing! The tea leaves vibrate to non-moving areas of the top (called nodes). This is the fundamental resonance of a recent guitar, and its frequency shows on the counter. At 193 hertz (cycles per second) it is very close to the frequency of G3. Here are a few other resonances of the same guitar. You can see how the patterns change as the frequency rises. This is 270 hertz. |
289 hertz. |
307 hertz. |
388 hertz. |
410 hertz. |
432 hertz. |
508 hertz. |
551 hertz. |
So how do the resonances, as heard with a tap of a knuckle or seen in a Chladni pattern, relate to the musical qualities of the instrument? At a resonance a guitar is vibrating very efficiently, which means that the notes whose frequencies are near that resonance are strong and easy to produce. When you play along the strings on most guitars, you notice that some notes are slightly louder, with a faster attack and better definition. These notes are being supported by a resonance. Conversely, the notes that are quiet and sluggish (or even dead) probably don’t have a resonance nearby to help them. In order to achieve balance and evenness, the luthier’s task is to disperse the resonances so that they can support notes everywhere on the fingerboard, from the lowest bass notes all the way up to the highest frets on the 1st string. If the goal is to have a stronger treble, then the luthier tries to have more and/or stronger resonances occur at higher frequencies. And if a more powerful bass is the objective, then the resonances at lower frequencies are emphasized. Part of the challenge for the luthier is to locate the frequencies of the resonances close to those of the notes to be supported, but not at exactly the same pitch. Wolf notes are examples of notes that are supported too closely by a resonance. At the particular pitch of the wolf note, the resonance is allowing the guitar to work so easily that the sound is loud and honky. The solution is to move the resonance away from the note; sometimes a distance of only a few hertz is adequate. The fundamental (or lowest) resonances of the top and back are important factors in the basic tonality of the guitar. In actuality, the physics of the guitar are so complex and so little understood that setting the resonances of the top and back plates at particular frequencies can only be an approximation – a form of shorthand – for all that is really happening. Nevertheless, these resonances do seem to determine qualities inherent in the character of the instrument. Show an experienced player a guitar with fundamental resonances set high (or low) and the comment is likely to be: “Nice, but it doesn’t really sound like a classical guitar.” The fundamental resonances of the tops of the Hauser guitars that I have examined range from F# (185 hertz) to G (196 hertz). It is my understanding that Segovia’s famous Hauser (which I have not examined) also has a top resonance near G, and for many years I have taken this as a target for my own work. Segovia’s Hauser also apparently has a back resonance near A (220 hertz), which corresponds with my own research on other Hauser instruments, and which I use as a target resonance for the back. Initially, of course, I used these targets on traditionally-built, solid top instruments. Now I use them to give my double-top guitars the familiar, beautiful classical guitar tonality. In the future I hope to enlarge this discussion of resonances, but because the topic is probably of interest only to builders and technically-minded players, I plan to put it in a separate section of my website. I welcome correspondence from both players and builders about the subject. |
-
좋은 자료 잘 봤습니다. 감사합니다.
번호 | 제목 | 글쓴이 | 날짜 | 조회 수 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1626 | 험프리 스몰맨카피인가보당..... | 이쁜이 | 2000.10.05 | 5469 |
1625 | gsp? 궁금하네요.. | 고은별 | 2000.10.05 | 5557 |
1624 | 험프리기타의 뱃속...and | gaspar | 2000.10.05 | 6207 |
1623 | 험프리 and Guitar | gaspar | 2000.10.05 | 5309 |
1622 | 고맙습니다. | 명노창 | 2000.10.09 | 3817 |
1621 | ☞:노창님~ 어떤음반 듣고싶어요? | 명노창 | 2000.10.08 | 3660 |
1620 | 악보를 한 장 보내드릴까합니다. | 고은별 | 2000.10.09 | 4371 |
1619 | 소리를 들어 보고 나서 | 고은별 | 2000.10.18 | 3736 |
1618 | GSP 약 5일 후 연주후기.... | 명노창 | 2000.10.08 | 4898 |
1617 | 귀찮기는요. 기쁘게 보내드리죠. | 고은별 | 2000.10.12 | 3698 |
1616 | 이런이런... | 악보네방장 | 2000.10.10 | 3844 |
1615 | ☞:귀찮지 않으시다면...고은별님... | 가스파르 | 2000.10.10 | 3899 |
1614 | when i dream 악보있으신분 메일로 띄어주세용~ | kangyong | 2000.10.09 | 5118 |
1613 | 귀찮기는요. 기쁘게 보내드리죠. | 가스파르 | 2000.10.12 | 3773 |
1612 | 귀찮지 않으시다면... | 가스파르 | 2000.10.10 | 3722 |
1611 | 이런....................아항.. | 지영이 | 2000.10.13 | 3867 |
1610 | 기타랑 첼로랑... | 수 | 2000.10.11 | 3954 |
1609 | 이런.................... | 이재화 | 2000.10.13 | 3746 |
1608 | 궁금한것이 있어서요....... | 이재화 | 2000.10.11 | 3710 |
1607 | 이런 | 이재화 | 2000.10.13 | 3813 |
1606 | 재화님 바이올린 만드신 이야기 해주셔요.. | 지영이 | 2000.10.12 | 4273 |
1605 | Karl Heinz Roemmich | 수 | 2000.10.23 | 3971 |
1604 | 힛힛...누구 따라 가는중인가여?? | 형서기 | 2000.10.21 | 4775 |
1603 | Karl Heinz Roemmich | 형서기 | 2000.10.16 | 3591 |
1602 | Bernhard Kresse | 수 | 2000.10.23 | 4137 |
1601 | 질문) 영자님 Bernhard Kresse란 어떤 악기이죠? | illiana | 2000.10.21 | 3669 |
1600 | 2만달러짜리 담만기타 사진(앞,뒤) | 명노창 | 2000.10.23 | 7244 |
1599 | 담만 사운드홀.... | 명노창 | 2000.10.23 | 4472 |
1598 | 부럽당...정말 부럽죠? | sophia | 2000.10.22 | 3710 |
1597 | 부럽당 | 기타마니아 | 2000.10.22 | 3932 |
1596 | 국내에도 주문하신분이 몇명이나 되다니... | sophia | 2000.10.22 | 3895 |
1595 | ☞:마티아스 담만...... | 명노창 | 2000.10.22 | 5509 |
1594 | 폴 피셔. | 수 | 2000.10.22 | 5036 |
1593 | 연이은질문]Paul Fischer에 대해... | 형서기 | 2000.10.21 | 3760 |
1592 | 혹시 Dammann 아세요? | 기타마니아 | 2000.10.21 | 4631 |
1591 | 담만앞사진 | 명노창 | 2000.10.23 | 4851 |
1590 | 내 조회수 돌리도................ | 명노창 | 2000.10.23 | 3687 |
1589 | Frank Bungarten의 악기 | 기타마니아 | 2000.10.24 | 3756 |
1588 | 같이 잠수함 타게요.. | 지우압바 | 2000.10.31 | 3856 |
1587 | ☞ 셈난다...자기들끼리만..... | 명노창 | 2000.10.30 | 4602 |
1586 | 급해서 지송... | 지우압바 | 2000.10.30 | 3629 |
1585 | 담만이 누군가 했더니..... | 수 | 2000.10.28 | 3726 |
1584 | 차로 실고간데... | 곰팽이 | 2000.11.03 | 3940 |
1583 | 콘트라베이수...손톱 갈아 묵는 애... | 형서기 | 2000.11.03 | 3728 |
1582 | ☞ 수님만 보세요... | 곰팽이 | 2000.10.30 | 3766 |
1581 | 광합에는 콘베가 없어여. | 지우압바 | 2000.11.02 | 3688 |
1580 | 진촌놈이라 모르구먼유.. | 곰팽이 | 2000.11.02 | 3708 |
1579 | 곰팽! 타우너 탑차 빌려줄께....공짜로! | 샌빠이 | 2000.11.03 | 4613 |
1578 | ☞ 제발 귀 좀 귀울여 주심 안될까요? | sendy | 2000.11.06 | 3643 |
1577 | ☞ 제발 귀 좀 귀울여 주심 안될까요? | 가스파르 | 2000.11.06 | 3725 |
1576 | 그만한 열정이 있다면...... . | 고은별 | 2000.11.10 | 3931 |
1575 | ☞ 아래 글 올린 왕 초보 입니다.. 1 | 樂 前 孤 鬪 | 2000.11.05 | 3781 |
1574 | 제발 귀 좀 귀울여 주심 안될까요? | 전우화 | 2000.11.03 | 3797 |
1573 | 아래 글 올린 왕 초보 입니다.. | 전우화 | 2000.11.03 | 3753 |
1572 | 마린 2000년산 얼마전 600만원 | 이상한사람 | 2000.11.11 | 4280 |
1571 | 수님감사함다. | 곰팽이 | 2000.11.05 | 3793 |
1570 | ☞ 타우너를 우습게 알다니 ...이노옴! | 지우압바 | 2000.11.12 | 3801 |
1569 | ☞ 타우너를 우습게 알다니 ...이노옴! | 곰팡이 | 2000.11.12 | 3779 |
1568 | ☞ 정말 좋은 기타 안토니오 마린 몬테로..... | 명노창 | 2000.11.11 | 6042 |
1567 | 타우너를 우습게 알다니 ...이노옴! | 센빠이 | 2000.11.12 | 3847 |
1566 | 외국기타의 주문방법좀 가르쳐 주셔요, | 간절한 | 2000.11.11 | 3814 |
1565 | ☞ ☞ 타우너를 우습게 알다니 ...이노옴! | 형서기 | 2000.11.12 | 3779 |
1564 | 센빠이 혹시 영서부 | 곰팽이 | 2000.11.11 | 3989 |
1563 | 그 사람이 그 사람이우...왕야맹 | 형서기 | 2000.11.12 | 3781 |
1562 | 중국이야기가 궁금타? 음반짱님.... | 곰팡이 | 2000.11.12 | 3755 |
1561 | 기타 초보인데... | 기타 | 2000.11.14 | 3658 |
1560 | 까를로스 보넬이 기타를 내놓았더군요.... | 수 | 2000.11.15 | 3940 |
1559 | ☞ 폴피셔 누구까?....퍼온글(붙이는 재미에) | 수 | 2000.11.17 | 3858 |
1558 | Paul Fisher | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.17 | 4406 |
1557 | 알고 싶어요 | 평민 | 2000.11.18 | 3771 |
1556 | 기타 제작자 이야기(1): 토레스 | 고정석 | 2000.11.18 | 5215 |
1555 | ☞ 사진 몇개 | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.19 | 4199 |
1554 | ☞ ☞ ☞ ☞ 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.19 | 4121 |
1553 | ☞ ☞ ☞ 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 안진수 | 2000.11.19 | 4018 |
1552 | ☞ ☞ ☞ 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.19 | 4204 |
1551 | ☞ ☞ 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.19 | 3774 |
1550 | ☞ 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 안진수 | 2000.11.18 | 4124 |
1549 | 기타 제작자 이야기(2) | 고정석 | 2000.11.18 | 5481 |
1548 | ☞ 사진 한장 | 고정석 | 2001.01.17 | 3718 |
1547 | ☞ 이마이 | 기타마니아 | 2000.11.28 | 3779 |
1546 | ☞ 앗...그래였나? | ("@") | 2000.11.27 | 3765 |
1545 | 기타 제작자 이야기(3) | 고정석 | 2000.11.18 | 4492 |
1544 | 이마이딜러가 그만뒀다고 그러네요.... | 수 | 2000.12.11 | 3749 |
1543 | ☞ 기타학원아시는 분 꼭 글좀 남겨주세요! | 기타마니아 | 2000.12.02 | 3695 |
1542 | ☞ ☞ 더하기 위치... | 화음 | 2000.12.03 | 3739 |
1541 | 베르나베 아자씨.... 음.. 할아버진가?? | 변소반장 | 2000.12.05 | 3809 |
1540 | 기타학원아시는 분 꼭 글좀 남겨주세요! | 소정이 | 2000.12.02 | 3655 |
1539 | 베르나베 기타가 어쩌고 저쩌고... 흠냐뤼.. 무식해서.. | 변소반장 | 2000.12.05 | 5070 |
1538 | 사이몬마티를 아시나요? | 왕초보 | 2000.12.06 | 3884 |
1537 | ##이렇게 한 번 해보세요^^... | 박성운 | 2000.12.16 | 5041 |
1536 | ☞ 겨울철에 습도유지하는 방법2.... | 수 | 2000.12.12 | 4015 |
1535 | 이마이.. 관둔게 아니래요.. | 오모씨 | 2000.12.11 | 3768 |
1534 | ☞ 겨울철에 습도유지하는 방법.... | 명노창 | 2000.12.19 | 4178 |
1533 | 겨울철에 습도유지하는 방법.... | 명노창 | 2000.12.12 | 4053 |
1532 | 손이 기준이죠.... | 수 | 2000.12.20 | 3709 |
1531 | ☞ 네크가 휘는경우는요....... | 수 | 2000.12.27 | 3834 |
1530 | 수님! 어린이용 기타의 기준은? | 泳瑞父 | 2000.12.20 | 3732 |
1529 | ☞ ☞ ☞ 역시 연주가는 악기만드는거 50%는 따돈거야.. | 형서기 | 2000.12.28 | 3658 |
1528 | ☞ ☞ 네크가 휘는경우는요....... | 망상 | 2000.12.28 | 3883 |
1527 | ☞ ☞ 역시 연주가는 악기만드는거 50%는 따돈거야.. | 명노창 | 2000.12.27 | 4014 |
Designed by sketchbooks.co.kr / sketchbook5 board skin
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5