Resonances.......fritz mueller
Resonances |  | |
| Copyright © 2012 Fritz Mueller | |
Resonances and Chladni PatternsGuitars, like other musical instruments, display several distinct resonances that are important determinants in the sound of the instrument. These resonances occur at a range of frequencies and, interestingly, have unique shapes that usually appear in a predictable pattern as one progresses from low to high frequency (or low to high notes, to use musical terminology). The behavior of the resonances is complex and is not especially well understood by physicists, particularly in regard to the question of what makes a great guitar. Nevertheless, I have found resonances to be a very useful tool for improving and giving consistency to my instruments. Dealing with wolf notes, dead notes, and issues such as balance, power, and timbre, plus many others, are all made much easier with a knowledge of resonances. For centuries luthiers have tapped wood with their knuckles to learn the pitch (or frequency) of the resonances involved, and that method, involving hands and ears and musical judgment, is unlikely to ever be replaced. However, it is also very helpful if the builder can see the shape of a resonance as well as hear it, and for that other methods are available. Physicists use holography and other sophisticated techniques to see the resonances, but in the working guitar shop, a simple and very effective method is the creation of resonance patterns using a sound generator, a speaker, and tea leaves. These resonance patterns or modes are often called Chladni patterns, named for the German physicist, Ernst Chladni, who first developed the technique in the nineteenth century. |
 Here is the equipment I use in my shop to create Chladni patterns. Only the tea leaves are missing!  The tea leaves vibrate to non-moving areas of the top (called nodes). This is the fundamental resonance of a recent guitar, and its frequency shows on the counter. At 193 hertz (cycles per second) it is very close to the frequency of G3.  Here are a few other resonances of the same guitar. You can see how the patterns change as the frequency rises. This is 270 hertz.  |
289 hertz. |
 |
307 hertz. |
 |
388 hertz. |
 |
410 hertz. |
 |
432 hertz. |
 |
508 hertz. |
 |
551 hertz. |
So how do the resonances, as heard with a tap of a knuckle or seen in a Chladni pattern, relate to the musical qualities of the instrument? At a resonance a guitar is vibrating very efficiently, which means that the notes whose frequencies are near that resonance are strong and easy to produce. When you play along the strings on most guitars, you notice that some notes are slightly louder, with a faster attack and better definition. These notes are being supported by a resonance. Conversely, the notes that are quiet and sluggish (or even dead) probably don’t have a resonance nearby to help them. In order to achieve balance and evenness, the luthier’s task is to disperse the resonances so that they can support notes everywhere on the fingerboard, from the lowest bass notes all the way up to the highest frets on the 1st string. If the goal is to have a stronger treble, then the luthier tries to have more and/or stronger resonances occur at higher frequencies. And if a more powerful bass is the objective, then the resonances at lower frequencies are emphasized. Part of the challenge for the luthier is to locate the frequencies of the resonances close to those of the notes to be supported, but not at exactly the same pitch. Wolf notes are examples of notes that are supported too closely by a resonance. At the particular pitch of the wolf note, the resonance is allowing the guitar to work so easily that the sound is loud and honky. The solution is to move the resonance away from the note; sometimes a distance of only a few hertz is adequate. The fundamental (or lowest) resonances of the top and back are important factors in the basic tonality of the guitar. In actuality, the physics of the guitar are so complex and so little understood that setting the resonances of the top and back plates at particular frequencies can only be an approximation – a form of shorthand – for all that is really happening. Nevertheless, these resonances do seem to determine qualities inherent in the character of the instrument. Show an experienced player a guitar with fundamental resonances set high (or low) and the comment is likely to be: “Nice, but it doesn’t really sound like a classical guitar.” The fundamental resonances of the tops of the Hauser guitars that I have examined range from F# (185 hertz) to G (196 hertz). It is my understanding that Segovia’s famous Hauser (which I have not examined) also has a top resonance near G, and for many years I have taken this as a target for my own work. Segovia’s Hauser also apparently has a back resonance near A (220 hertz), which corresponds with my own research on other Hauser instruments, and which I use as a target resonance for the back. Initially, of course, I used these targets on traditionally-built, solid top instruments. Now I use them to give my double-top guitars the familiar, beautiful classical guitar tonality. In the future I hope to enlarge this discussion of resonances, but because the topic is probably of interest only to builders and technically-minded players, I plan to put it in a separate section of my website. I welcome correspondence from both players and builders about the subject. |
-
좋은 자료 잘 봤습니다. 감사합니다.
-
Read More
기타의 가격은 어떻게 산정될까요?
Date2020.03.15 By빌라바보스 Views4856 -
Read More
기타줄과 관련된 질문이 있습니다.
Date2020.03.08 Bypersecutaa Views4103 -
Read More
Koh Jeongseock No.25
Date2019.11.20 By고정석 Views5046 -
Read More
whammy bar acoustic guitar
Date2019.11.08 Bypersecutaa Views3791 -
Read More
Bashkin OM Guitar
Date2018.12.30 Bysanuri Views4206 -
Read More
이기타에 대해 아시는분 있나요?
Date2018.11.28 By준오 Views5638 -
Read More
Making a Guitar | Handcrafted Woodworking | Où se trouve: Greenfield Guitars
Date2018.11.22 By수 Views4255 -
Read More
Documental de la construcción artesanal de las guitarras Francisco Bros.
Date2018.11.22 By수 Views4663 -
Read More
넥 휨 볼때,
Date2018.11.12 By넥휨이.. Views5476 -
Read More
Koh Jeongseock No.18
Date2018.11.03 By고정석 Views4551 -
Read More
기타 구입 조언부탁드려요..
Date2018.10.31 By석럽 Views4694 -
Read More
강화도 수님 공방 기타제작.
Date2018.10.12 By떠버기 Views5214 -
Read More
Koh Jeongseock No.17
Date2018.09.08 By고정석 Views4587 -
Read More
현대기타 디자인
Date2018.09.06 By수 Views6177 -
Read More
기타, 그 모든 것
Date2018.02.20 By최동수 기타 Views6678 -
Read More
최동수 작 비웰라형 기타
Date2017.10.16 By최동수 기타 Views7748 -
Read More
5 Famous Torres Guitars
Date2017.08.23 By고정석 Views8209 -
Read More
Torres guitar
Date2017.08.23 By고정석 Views6994 -
Read More
Torres FE-17 copy guitar trilogy by Michael Thames
Date2017.08.15 By고정석 Views5739 -
Read More
Daniel Friederich, Luthier - 5 Minute Trailer
Date2017.08.15 By고정석 Views5669 -
Read More
최동수 제작가님 최근 제작기!
Date2017.08.14 By기타바이러스 Views5797 -
Read More
그라나다 기타제작
Date2017.08.02 By수 Views5235 -
Read More
공지......기타이야기 게시판은요
Date2017.08.02 By수 Views5700 -
Read More
쉘락 휘니시... french polish of shellac
Date2017.08.02 By수 Views5056 -
Read More
눈메 메꾸기..에폭시
Date2017.08.02 By수 Views5098 -
Read More
Smaro Gregoriadou and her Guitar
Date2017.07.18 Bygaspar Views6997 -
Read More
nut position
Date2017.07.05 By수 Views6709 -
Read More
와그너와의 대담.
Date2017.04.20 By수 Views4777 -
Read More
손톱
Date2017.03.24 By줄떨어진기타 Views6917 -
Read More
case bam
Date2016.12.24 By수 Views7055 -
Read More
꿈은 이루어진다.
Date2016.12.10 By기타바이러스 Views6239 -
Read More
최동수 제작가님 최근 작품!
Date2016.12.08 By기타바이러스 Views6587 -
Read More
기타평가의 기준. ... 프리드리히.
Date2016.08.08 By수 Views6885 -
Read More
리라 기타에 대하여
Date2016.07.02 By최동수 기타 Views6974 -
Read More
세고비아의 라미레즈
Date2016.06.25 Byganesha Views7542 -
Read More
Herman Hauser 1세
Date2016.06.25 Byganesha Views6028 -
Read More
최동수선생님 4번째 리라기타 제작기
Date2016.06.24 By기타바이러스 Views6518 -
Read More
Pablo Villegas 의 기타
Date2016.06.24 By해송 Views6637 -
Read More
Koh Jeongseock No. 7
Date2016.06.16 By고정석 Views7053 -
Read More
목재정보
Date2016.05.30 By수 Views5849 -
Read More
쌍둥이 리라 기타
Date2016.05.11 By최동수 기타 Views6622 -
Read More
그라나다 기타계보
Date2016.05.09 By수 Views7025 -
Read More
최동수선생님 류트 기타 제작기!
Date2016.05.02 By기타바이러스 Views7826 -
Read More
화성학과 애드립을 위한 교재!
Date2016.04.02 Bymg7732 Views6418 -
Read More
Alma guitar 김희홍 KBS 문화현장
Date2016.02.19 By시골농부 Views7796 -
Read More
Andrea Tacchi 기타제작 동영상
Date2015.12.11 By콩쥐 Views6932 -
Read More
Koh Jeongseock No. 6
Date2015.12.06 By고정석 Views8079 -
Read More
통기타 리뷰 진짜 제대로 해주네요
Date2015.11.26 By흙바람 Views6829 -
Read More
기타현에 대한 글
Date2015.11.23 By콩쥐 Views6734 -
Read More
Build a Guitar 비디오
Date2015.09.29 By콩쥐 Views6188 -
Read More
최동수선생님 최근 제작 악기 소개
Date2015.08.08 By기타바이러스 Views9687 -
Read More
Regis Bonilha - Luthier
Date2015.08.04 By콩쥐 Views6283 -
Read More
마사키 사쿠라이 다큐멘터리
Date2015.08.03 By콩쥐 Views6369 -
Read More
마누엘 벨라스케즈 다큐멘터리
Date2015.08.03 By콩쥐 Views6613 -
Read More
류트 공방에서의 영상
Date2015.08.03 By콩쥐 Views5697 -
Read More
플라멩꼬 기타 제작
Date2015.08.03 By콩쥐 Views6007 -
Read More
granada school
Date2015.08.03 By수 Views5923 -
Read More
부산국제악기제작가페스티벌 PT 동영상 자료
Date2015.06.02 By정천식 Views7325 -
Read More
스피커 기타
Date2015.03.11 By최동수 기타 Views8307 -
Read More
기타 구경하세요 -2
Date2014.07.03 By최동수 Views11449 -
Read More
기타 구경하세요-1
Date2014.07.03 By최동수 Views10756 -
Read More
로만일료스 동영상
Date2014.07.03 By콩쥐 Views8208 -
Read More
하카란다
Date2014.06.03 By언니 Views12479 -
Read More
고딘VS야마하사일런트 비교 영상 링크~
Date2014.01.20 By김마적 Views9844 -
Read More
1962 Classical guitar by Robert Bouchet_Brompton's 경매회사
Date2013.10.19 Byguitarguitar Views10530 -
Read More
라미레즈 기타에 대하여
Date2013.09.13 By최동수 Views20609 -
Read More
특이한 디자인 기타 (최동수선생님 봐주세요 ㅎ)
Date2013.08.25 By프렛 Views18351 -
Read More
최동수님 2013년 9월에 완성될기타 훔쳐보기....
Date2013.08.24 By기타바이러스 Views15722 -
Read More
Razon 프렛 계산방식
Date2013.08.23 By콩쥐 Views11287 -
Read More
기타현의 장력 비교.
Date2013.08.22 By언니 Views12037 -
Read More
Resonances.......fritz mueller
Date2013.07.31 By콩쥐 Views9610 -
Read More
기타 명기(名器)와 명장(名匠)들 2권
Date2013.06.07 Byprophet Views12009 -
Read More
<나의 음악 이야기>-페이스북 연재-섬소년
Date2013.06.07 By섬소년 Views9029 -
Read More
기타 전문잡지 오르페오 창간호
Date2013.05.30 By오리베 Views10512 -
Read More
라미레즈-통념과 사실
Date2013.05.24 By리브라 Views10552 -
Read More
리사이틀 박스
Date2013.02.05 By리브라 Views11277 -
Read More
태평양 건너온 귀한물건 입니다.
Date2013.01.09 By프리덤 Views14100 -
Read More
최동수선생님 악기 탐방!
Date2012.12.11 By이호성 Views14247 -
Read More
슈퍼칩(string tie)
Date2012.11.29 Bygitarre Views15824 -
Read More
대전 국제기타페스티벌 기타전시회 관람기
Date2012.10.15 By스테레오 Views11008 -
Read More
스페인 제작자
Date2012.10.01 By수 Views17799 -
Read More
재미있는 기타 입니다....
Date2012.09.16 By대건안드레아 Views14557 -
Read More
에르고 플레이 고무압착기 오래 쓰는 방법
Date2012.09.03 By피날레 Views11539 -
Read More
황칠
Date2012.07.05 By수 Views14241 -
Read More
최동수 선생님이 만드신 지팽이 기타.....
Date2012.07.01 By대건안드레아 Views15741 -
Read More
최동수 선생님이 새로 만드신 총 기타...
Date2012.06.30 By대건안드레아 Views16329 -
Read More
세계적인 기타제작가 액자 전달식
Date2012.06.30 By대건안드레아 Views11405 -
Read More
왜 4번줄만 끊어지는가?
Date2012.06.15 By돌빈대 Views18955 -
Read More
사운드홀의 비밀
Date2012.06.14 By돌바퀴 Views19921 -
Read More
기타의 공명은 제갈공명인가?
Date2012.06.14 By돌모기 Views12240 -
Read More
기타와 초음파진단기
Date2012.06.12 By돌파리 Views11164 -
Read More
공명은 음을 확대하는가?
Date2012.06.04 ByEchoOff Views13812 -
Read More
실험정신(공명)
Date2012.06.04 By제갈공명 Views13698 -
Read More
특별한 기타.....음향반사판기타
Date2012.06.02 By콩쥐 Views16900 -
Read More
클래식기타 컬렉션 2008
Date2012.06.12 By리브라 Views14842 -
Read More
현장이 짧은 기타에 대하여-2
Date2012.06.11 By최동수 Views12700 -
Read More
현장이 짧은 기타에 대하여-1
Date2012.06.10 By최동수 Views16357 -
Read More
헬름홀츠의 공기공명
Date2012.06.08 By최동수 Views17976 -
Read More
발 받침대 한컷
Date2012.05.12 By대건안드레아 Views15578 -
Read More
오일바니쉬...
Date2012.04.25 By다울랜드.. Views15026
Designed by sketchbooks.co.kr / sketchbook5 board skin
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5
Sketchbook5, 스케치북5